Today’s post about science fiction romance covers was inspired by discussions here, here, here, and here. And lest we forget, here, here, and here, too.
Naturally, that meant we had to have one here. Let’s jump right in, shall we?
Not only do publishers and booksellers grapple with where to shelve science fiction romance, but there’s also a question of which cover styles would most effectively market the genre. The issue is twofold: Branding the genre itself, and branding individual authors.
For the publishers of SFR, there’s a learning curve happening right now. A number of SFR scribes define themselves as such on their Web sites and in other promotional venues. The plots are changing in both tone and focus. Word count expands as the stories become increasingly epic, and the worldbuilding/external plot plays just as significant a role as the romance.
As a result, there’s a push and pull between sticking to tried and true romance cover strategies, and venturing into more SF cover territory. Or vice versa.
For example, here are two of Linnea Sinclair’s original covers:

The publisher redesigned the covers recently:
This change has little to do with art, and everything to do with branding an author and attracting readers from the larger romance market. Understood. But when so many adventurous romance readers with impeccable taste (Oh, phooey, who says I’m biased?!) “cross the aisle” anyway, how effective a change is it? How needful?
Time and sales will answer that, of course, and I’m certainly a big advocate for expanding the SFR market. It makes me wonder, though—assuming the spine had the word “romance” on it, would there have been a big outcry from readers had booksellers shelved her books with the original covers in the romance section? Wouldn’t it have been a lot quicker and more inexpensive just to add “Romance” to “Science Fiction” than a complete cover overhaul?
A few of Susan Grant’s covers strongly reflect the romance factor:
But then here are the covers from her newest and pending releases, respectively:
That’s quite a bit of variation for just one author. Not only does it reflect changes in time, reader tastes, and marketing strategies, but also the challenge facing publishers who strive to position books to appeal to the widest audience possible (which, ironically, may not be the best course of action when it comes to SFR).
Jan Zimlich’s SFR books offer up the classic clinch cover. The look of Susan Kearney’s books has been pretty consistent, while Dorchester’s Shomi line has its own twist happening.
Let’s examine the cover for Ann Aguirre’s upcoming WANDERLUST, and then BARRAYAR by Lois McMaster Bujold:

Very striking. No man, no clinch, very female centric. There’s also about a 17 year difference between the two books, although one could argue not much has changed.
With such variation of stories, budgets, and skills/tastes of cover artists, how can publishers uniquely market SFR, appeal to diehard fans, and attract new readers?
Having traveled far and wide across ye olde Milky Way, we of The Galaxy Express have answers. So, publishers, if you’re wondering how to dazzle us into emptying our wallets, here are a few suggestions about SFR covers—for free!
* Whether you’re a print or electronic publisher, invest some dang money. I’m not suggesting this doesn’t happen across the board. But cheap, poorly conceived digital effects are just that—cheesy. The hardworking authors deserve smashing great covers.
* Co-op the comic book industry strategy of occasionally putting out two different covers (and as you’ll note in the Enduring Romance article linked above, Jacqueline Lichtenberg is also a proponent of a similar idea). Transform the books into collectors’ items. But the images have to be stellar. Again, it’s an investment. Don’t hire the cousin who “took a Photoshop class one time.”
* Use stepbacks! The outer cover can depict the SF nature of the story, and the inner scene can feature the hero and heroine in all of their romantic glory. Or do the reverse. Either way, it’d be totally righteous. What a bang for the buck!
* Keep the hero clothed. I understand that man titty sells a book better than any other type of cover, but we’re not talking about the vast majority of romance books here. There’s nothing sexier than a man in uniform whether he’s a starship captain, space pirate, or brainiac scientist. Man titty makes me feel manipulated by marketing shticks. On the other hand, a uniformed hero will draw me into the story from that very first glimpse.
* Go Hollywood retro—stuff like that never gets old to genre fans. It’s hip, and readers will instantly “get” the reference.
* Less CG, more Caravaggio
* Go dark. Unless the story has a severe case of comedy, SFR covers and title fonts should reflect the serious themes these tales explore such as war, death, hostile aliens, powerful inventions, and the unknown.
* If it fits the story, go vintage. What could be more striking than a cover paying homage to the SF/SFR greats of the thirties, forties, and fifties? Pulp is perfect!

* Heroine + weapon/battlecruiser = Cool
* Embrace the fact that SFR is a blend of genres. Show off that mix of romance, action, and adventure. Make the cover a package deal just like the story.
All I’m saying to industry insiders is this: Know your niche market and exploit it. If there are any authors, editors, marketing folks or booksellers that would like to weigh in on this topic, please do.
I’m sure all of my discerning passengers have thoughts about this issue as well as excellent ideas about SFR covers that readers would like to see. Don’t hold back—describe your dream covers!
Joyfully yours,
Heather

21 comments:
Personal Opinion - the cover art for Linnea Sinclair's novel was excellent, while the new ones suggest Erotica or Sillouette Suspense.
Observation as an unprofessional blogging book reviewer - branding an author with similar-looking covers works!
I understand publishers are still trying to figure out what works best with cover art for bringing in new readers. I only hope they keep in mind the women who now read SFR had wicked crushes on Han Solo as teenagers. (Okay, that's a generalization, but you get the drift.)
Another Observation - readers absolutely hate spending their hard-earned money on a book believing its one thing only to get it home and discover it's something else entirely.
So, while Linnea Sinclair's similar novel covers is excellent for 'branding' her, it could cost her readers when they get them home only to discover they're not Erotica.
I agree about the naked male chest/clinch covers (STAR KING excepted because it reminds me of Yul Brynner) and so do all the other SFR readers I've talked to. However, this group of SFR readers also tends to lean more on the side of SF in their SFR tastes. I totally agree about the man-in-uniform thing. I'm very happily married to one!
Isn't Ann Aguirre more female-focused Science Fiction than SFR?
Dark covers? Actually, I'm sick of them. As long as its honest and intriguing, that's what matters to me.
I'm also sick of stereotypical kick-butt heroines, so that kind of cover wouldn't sell to me without a hearty recommendation from a trusted Blog Buddy.
Totally agree with the vintage look. Has anyone seen the cover of OUTBACK STARS? I asked for that ARC a long time ago, but never heard back. Tia did an excellent review of it at fantasydebut.blogspot.com
"Embrace the fact that SFR is a blend of genres." Yes, please!
Actually, I haven't seen Sillouette Suspense, but was told Linnea's new covers resemble them. I don't read Suspense (except Jana Deleon.)
They've come a long way baby! I just reposted a post from 2005 where I explored why I love SciFi romance. This time though, I posted some covers of old favourites - and some of them are kind of dated - the Justine Davis books in particular. I wonder if they were to reissue them with better covers, if they would sell better?
I like Linnea Sinclair's newer covers better than her previous ones and I'm almost tempted to buy them with the newer covers - even thought I have the original ones. And I don't think any author has had as wide a variety of covers as Susan Grant. I hope they go along more with her next release as it's my favourite cover - even though the book isn't out yet.
Retro poster types would be wonderful, or the old pulp fiction/comic book covers. I agree that the latest trend of bare chested/bodied men draping themselves across the cover turns me off actually, but that's just me I guess.
Great blog.
I saw the link to the blog on the blogroll at DearAuthor and came over. I'm glad I did.
It seems that the newer SFR covers are far more romance than sci-fi. I don't particularly like them, but it's probably a good marketing move, considering the size of the romance market. I can see readers who may be a bit bored with vamps and shifters deciding to give these novels a chance, based on the cover and the blurb.
I love the idea of two covers - one designed to appeal to the romance reader; one designed to appeal to the sci-fi reader. I don't know if publishers would go for that, considering it would be more expensive.
I'm not a fan of clinch covers for the most part, though I do like the cover for 'Contact.' I like the lips almost making, well, contact. Pretty cover and pretty clever.
I have to agree with Kimber An on the new Sinclair covers. It seems like false advertising. A male friend of mine read 'Games of Command' recently, and he was salivating at the prospect of some hawt sex mixed in with his sci-fi. In the end he was satisfied with the sci-fi, was pleasantly surprised by how much he had enjoyed the romance aspects, but was sorely disappointed that it wasn't as erotic as he thought it would be. On that note I wonder why there isn't more of a push to market SFR towards male sci-fi readers. Some would hate it, for sure. But others wouldn't - especially once they get over the fact that they are reading "a romance" (shock! horror!) Good stories and good writing are more important than genre or sub-genre. But I can't see too many guys picking up a clinch or man titty cover.
I like the female centric covers the best, but I also like the retro ones. I don't mind a naked male torso every once in a while, but staring at a whole rack of 'em is just too much. Shaved, naked, headless, oily man titty seems to be the new black. Gimme a break. Pleeeeeze. You're insulting my most excellent brain.
The covers need to match the stories! The cover to Susan Grant's Moonstruck is really disappointing given that it looks like the story should be about a James Bond 007 agent complete with a female draping herself across the agent. That couldn't be farther from the actual plot of the story.
From what I've read of the reviews it seems that the female MC is more likely to be throttling our hero, rather than than delicate, lady-like touch on his shootin' arm.
Hmmmm. A cover in which the heroine is attempting to kill the hero. I don't think I've seen that one before.
Kimber An, you bring up a good point about the age of readers. My age definitely impacted the suggestions I included in my post. Might as well milk Han Solo for all he's worth until someone new comes along. Or doesn't--he is so timeless!
I must admit ignorance about "female-focused" SF. Feel free to clue me in. But I did think GRIMSPACE had a total SFR feel, which is why I included Ms. Aguirre in the author list.
There's a lot of authors in the list who as a rule do not conform to the industry's definition of futuristic or SFR. That's the personal aspect of this blog making itself known.
Regarding the bait and switch scenario you mentioned, I agree. That’s why I’d like to see covers unabashedly sell the blended genres of SF and romance.
And I really like the cover of OUTBACK STARS. Very nice to look at.
Kristie, that’s a great piece! Yes, publishers doing reissues would be interesting. Although I must admit I do like some of those futuristic covers as is. But I’d like to see publishers play with them.
Regarding Linnea Sinclair’s covers, I do like the conception of them, but I felt the execution left a little bit to be desired. I, too, like the direction that Susan Grant’s covers are going in (even though I’d still want her heroes in uniform—especially when she gets so creative about their clothes—Finn, hello!—but that’s my personal opinion).
Natalie, you are not alone! I think bare chested men on covers works great for some stories, but I would question the repeated use for SFR stories. Publishers, know thy audience! Some of us like it, but I would guess that a fairly large number us just want covers that reflect the SF aspect of the story, because many of us are plot people. We know the hero might get nekkid and power to him—but there’s more to it than that.
Hi, Sherry! So glad you came!
Agent z, you’re points are very valid (although I feel differently about the clinch covers—I dig them for SFR stories, albeit I’d prefer there were other things going on as well). Romance-y covers will definitely work for some SFR stories, but even the new ones coming out, by veteran and new authors alike, are evolving beyond that, I think. I mean, if a romance reader is willing to try a science fiction romance in this new wave, would she/he really be turned off by a more blended cover, one that’s not so overtly romanticized? Maybe some, but not all, I’d wager.
You also make a great point about attracting male readers. I so can not blame them if they don’t read a book with blatant man-titty on the cover in public. For all we know, male readers for this genre is a sizeable untapped market. There are already a good many that know about it. I just hope marketing staff in publishing houses have the time to consider all of these Very Important Issues!
>A cover in which the heroine is attempting to kill the hero. I don't think I've seen that one before.
Of course, someone has to get that story written and published. Will it happen in our lifetime? Hard to say. Are they in a clinch or kissing, though? Because that would be hot. ;)
Patty, you’re right. I think one reason that many SF covers excited me so much over the years is that the cover is like seeing part of a scene from the book. I’d spend a lot of time just gazing at the covers. With MOONSTRUCK, there was quite a disconnect from the story. I mean, Finn’s exciting pirate outfit is clearly described, so why not benefit from that? Who doesn’t love pirates, as the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise has shown? Color me bewildered.
>A cover in which the heroine is attempting to kill the hero. I don't think I've seen that one before.<
Does my original Dave Seeley FINDERS KEEPERS cover qualify?
http://www.linneasinclair.com/books.html#FK
http://gallery.mac.com/daveseeley#100465/FindersKeepers&bgcolor=white
~Linnea
Oh, yeah! it definitely qualifies. I LOVE that cover. And I think Trilby's determined expression and taut biceps are infinitely sexier than a romance-style, boobs-falling-out-of-her-outfit cover.
But what happend to Rhis on the new cover? Heather will be very upset when she finds out that he was forced to shave his moustache.
>Heather will be very upset when she finds out that he was forced to shave his moustache
ROFLMAO! Son of a gun, Z, you're right! To arms, to arms!
I did think about the FINDERS KEEPERS cover, but even before reading it I saw it as more of her defending her turf than she's just about to pull the trigger. Still, it's a nice strong scene for a cover.
Linnea, I can see why some readers would be interested in your books from the covers, very ethereal. I personally like the gritty covers of your books myself, yeah very into retro right now.
Heather, do you think the push towards man-flesh on the covers is directly related to the lowering of morals of women? lol... It seems today we are bombarded with a heck of a lot more sex/sexually oriented writing than say twenty years ago. Could you imagine Heinlein including full on sex scenes in his writing? Oh sorry just go look at that sorry excuse for a movie they did, alright, what about Clark or Phillip K Dick, they really are just fantastic works and don't need to rely on the sex trump card.
It might just be my own personal values here, but I like the story to be told, if there's a romantic element, well great, but when we go into tawdry blow for blow details it kind of gets too much. That's why if I see a 'man titty' cover I tend to walk away. Even if it's a great book inside the cover really does sell it doesn't it. I wonder how many other readers it scares off.
Perhaps we should push for honesty from the cover... well then again.
From a reader standpoint, I much prefer chicks on my books. How come?
Well, I want to not-hate the heroine. That's enough for me. She doesn't have to be gorgeous, gifted, brilliant or a ninja. She just needs not to annoy the crap out of me. I don't have any need to come to my own conclusions about how she looks, so I'm happy to let an artist show me his / her vision.
The hero? I want to fall in love with him. I want to adore him, desire him and long to eat him up with a spoon. I want him to be sooo good, I wish he was real, and I wish he was MY hero. So I don't want somebody telling me what he looks like on a book cover. I want to use my imagination as much as I can. That way he's my perfect ideal instead of some tool with a mullet.
I am getting so sick of seeing over and over headless men with abs of steel on these books. Those alien males must have a good exercise routine.
I also like the older Linnea Sinclair covers.
Natalie, a lot of readers would prefer SFR with lower Heat Levels for a variety of reasons, most of which have nothing to do with morality. However, the money is in the explicit sex scenes these days and so that's what publishers are putting out. Thank goodness for SFR authors who can do the hotter SFR and still write a compelling story with complex characters, or we'd have nothing new to read.
For readers who are sick of being expected skip 'those scenes,' there is Science Fiction out there which is also romantic without the explicit sex. They're difficult to find, but that's one reason Heather and I are here in the Blogosphere! To help you find those books.
Publishers put out the kind of books which are selling. If you want them to put out the books you like, ALWAYS buy your favorite authors' books NEW! That's how they make money and that's what keeps them in the business of getting the books you love published.
I don't know if Heather is linked up to the sites or not, but at my book review blog, Enduring Romance, I have several links to other sites which might be of help. One sorts their books by Heat Level. Another is totally devoted to Romantic Science Fiction. I've also reviewed a lot of Science Fiction there. Just click on the 'Science Fiction' link in the directory.
>Heather, do you think the push towards man-flesh on the covers is directly related to the lowering of morals of women? Lol
I think you’re addressing two interrelated issues there. The first is that sex sells. It works equally well on both males and females. Your question makes me wonder if there’s a high correlation between the extent to which marketing, as a whole, has used sex to sell products and advances in technology (e.g., satellite tv, the Internet). Regardless, there’s been a shift these past few decades. The reasons are legion, I’m sure. However, Agent Z’s mind is often in the gutter (and she left the comment to prove it), so you might have something there with your theory.
The second issue—does the sex scene(s) serve the story, or overpower it? If it’s well done, a story could have wall to wall sex and it wouldn’t come across as gratuitous. But there’s the rub—that takes a lot of skill to make so much (graphic) sex invisible. Your comments remind me that I’m planning a post on sex and Heat Level (a trademark of Enduring Romance, btw) in SFR, so things around here should get very interesting.
I share your concern about man titty’s impact on the product of books. I think many times it’s a case of publishers trying too hard, or at least missing the point with certain genres (like SFR). I suppose marketing departments figure that for every reader scared off by naked men on covers, three more line up to buy the same book. That’s just my guess—I’d love to be proven wrong.
Ann, (hi!) I totally agree—it’s refreshing to have well crafted heroines with a healthy dose of common sense. Regarding the hero, it seems that what you’re saying is the absence of the hero on the cover creates its own kind of mystery. I think that would work for many readers.
Your statement also reminds me that it’s the use of models that doesn’t work very well for me more so than a painted rendition of the author’s character. In other words, if I see a model, especially one who can’t lose himself in the “role” he’s playing, or the lighting makes it obvious he’s on a set, it takes me right out of the spell the book is trying to weave. But if I see a painted (is that the right word?) image of the hero as the author envisioned him, I buy into it. The short of it is I need some structure for my hero fantasies, lol!
Katie(babs), exactly. There are so many great cover artists out there--let's not waste their talents.
Kimber An, eloquently put. I think it's interesting that there are some SF books with impossible to follow speculative passages (however fascinating), many readers (me included) feel inclined to skip them because we can't understand them.
Then there's this issue, of gratuitous sex scenes we skip because we want more plot. Interesting parallel.
No book is perfect, of course, (and it's all subjective anyway) but it makes me appreciate the SF/SFR books that can strike the right balance of everything. Because I hate to be in the middle of a book and start skimming/skipping.
I can only speak from experience on my covers but I was perfectly happy with "most" of the original ones (Dave Seeley and Stephen Youll), barring the ABBA Dancing Queen in Red Spandex issue. ;-) Bantam decided, when "rebranding" me to release my backlist in the romance aisles, that I needed covers that could compete or compare with the current romance covers out there. I admit I was interested in what they'd come up with and as some of you know, the first spate of covers were... incredibly inaccurate. I don't want to say "awful" though I believe my scream of anguish when first saw them at Archon echoed clear around the planet. However, that's an insult to artist Stephen Youll, who is incredibly talented, has done some of Cherryh's FOREIGNER covers and, most important, is owned by a cat. ;-)
I, too, dislike the whole torso-only images but they are the rage and they do keep the guy's features either secret or up to the reader's imagination, which Ann pointed out is often a plus. And hey, it kinda worked for Venus de Milo. (OK, she had a face but you get the drift...)
The covers I ended up with were because after I stopped spitting nails over the first versions, Bantam nicely said, Tell us what you want... but I knew they meant I had one more chance or they were going with what they had. I was also in the middle of a con with a dead laptop so I was doing a lot of frantic websearching on my PDA! I had about 24 hours to answer them and I recollect the FIREFLY/ SERENITY posters were examples I sent of This Would Make Me Smile. I also tagged Keri Arthur's covers as ones I liked:
http://www.randomhouse.com/author/results.pperl?authorid=68676
http://www.keriarthur.com/tempting.html
as she's also Bantam. Interesting how now she has two covers for each book: US and UK/Aussie.
What I got was fairly close to Keri Arthur's but with an SF slant as opposed to werewolves and moons.
IMHO.
The whole redo was done in under a week and some of the images I recognized from other covers, including my own. The guy on the original red cover for THE DOWN HOME ZOMBIE BLUES is now Rhis on FINDERS KEEPERS. I asked my editor about the mustache thing and they said they don't do facial hair on cover models because it dates them.
So that's the behind the scenes info I can give you. I can only guess at the rationale.
~Linnea
"However, Agent Z’s mind is often in the gutter (and she left the comment to prove it), so you might have something there with your theory."
It's true! I'm a total guttersnipe. And even I get sick of all the naked men. Where is the mystery?
Why is it all the paranormal and sci fi covers have to have the photo images and the historicals get the great painted images. A pefect example of this is Beatrice Small's covers. You don't see photos on any of her covers. Do they think a high tech cover will appeal more than beautiful art. I recently bought a copy of Diana Palmer's "Morcai Battalion" for the cover. Call me shallow, but I loved it. An Alien landscape, dark mysterious man in a black trenchcoat. Ummmm yummy. Being an artist myself, I appreciate certain things. Creativity is one of those things at the top of the list. Sure sex sells, but the only books I've bought for the covers, are books that the art could be framed and look great on my wall. Sorry, Linnea. I loved the first covers. I understand that it's all about selling the book. Sex does sell. I also know it is the least controlled area a writer has. I know they're trying to brand you, so that you can be identified on sight, but I think the other covers identified your work just as much as the new and it made it clear we were in for a sci fi romp. The new covers remind me of many out there. Sherriyln Kenyon's for one. I understand it was to make it fit with the other romances on the shelves, but sometimes standing out from the crowd isn't a bad thing either.
I wish they'd leave a good thing alone.
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